Biahmaithi
A hmasa bik
ah chim ka duhmi cu, Political Science cawngmi ka si lo ca ah tlamtling tein ka
`ial khawh lo mi cung ah theihthiam ding in zaangfah nawl kan duh hna. Politics
(ramkhel) kong hi a kau taktak mi lawng si lo in fimthiamnak zong a si fawn.
Mipi dihlak nih hngalh hawk a tlakmi le ni fatin khua kan saknak ah aa peh
zungzalmi thil zong a si ca ah, hngalh ding zong kan herh ngaingai mi a si.
Kawlram hi 2011 kum ah ralkap
uknak (Military Rule) in mipi uknak (Civil/Democracy Government) ah aa thleng
cang ko nain, zeiruang ah dah Democracy kan ngah rih lo, siloah zaukphung
taktak a si rih lo? tiin mi tampi nih an ti peng. A tu uktu pawl le a `anpitu
nih cun, zaukphung uknak in kan hruai ko, tiin an ti `ung. Cucaah, zaukphung uknak
hi zei bantuk a si i, zei bantuk `hithruainak hi dah zaukphunga taktak cu a si
timi kha vun langhter ka duh.
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| Cat`ialtu J. Mang Neih Cung le an nu |
Zaukphung Sullam
A hmasa bik ah,
Democracy (Zaukphung) kong hngalhnak ding ah a sullam hi fian hmasa a hau. Cu
hnuah ruahnak tampi a kan bawmh lai i kan hngalh thiam deuh lai. Democracy hi
cafang pahnih fonhmi,”demos” le “kratos” in a rami Greek ca a si i a surlam cu,
“Demos” hi “mipi” (the people) tinak a si i, “Kratos” cu “uknak , thazaang,
nawlngeihnak (rule, strength, power) ti a si. An pahnih fonh ahcun, “mipi uknak” (the rule of people) ti lei in leh
khawh a si. America president Abramham Lincoln nih cun, “democracy (zaukphung)
hi mipi i uknak, mipi nih ukmi cozah, mipi caah ukmi cozah (rule of the people,
rule by the people, rule for the people)” tiah a ti. A cheu nih cun, “mi
tamdeuh lungtlin hnatlaknak in hruaimi uknak (the rule of majority)” ti zong in
an ti. Cun, mipi dihlak nih ram (state) uknak le `hithruainak lei kong ah ceih
khawhnak, rel khawhnak nawl sang bik a ngeitu an si i anmah aiawhtu ding
hruaitu an thim hna. Cu ti mipi nih a
thimmi hna nih a ukmi cozah ti zong an kawh.
Democracy (zaukphung) Ukning Phun
Democracy (zaukphung) in aa ukmi ram a
tampi an um nain, an hruai ning democracy (zaukphung) bel aa lo cio lo.
Democracy (zaukphung) uknak hi a phun in cun a tam ngai. Parliamentary
Democracy, Presidential Democracy, Representative Democracy, Liberal Democracy
tbk.. in a phun a tam ngai. Asinnan, a tlangpi
cun phun hnih in an hruai hna; phun khat cu, direct/pure democracy ti a si i,
mipi nih ram state kong ah direct in an ceih pi, an tawrel pi ve hna. A kar lak
ah aiawhtu um lo in anmah pumpak cio in vote an pek khawh. Cun phunghram le
phunglam zong mipi nih an ceih i a an duh lo mi cu tuah khawh le remh khawh a
si. A dang phun khat cu indirect or representative democracy tiah an auh. Mipi
nih an mah aiawhtu dingmi an thim hna i, an thimmi hna nih mipi le ram ca ah
rian an tuan i an hruai hna.
Democracy Tahnak Fung
Ram uknak i an tahnak cheu khat kan
zoh hna lai. USA Freedom House (vawlei cung ram ukning hlathlaitu) nih a
tlangpi bik in an tahmi cu political rights (ramkhel covo) le civil liberties
(rammi zalennak) pawl an si. Politics lei in mifim a simi Larry Diamond nih cun
hi tin a chim: (1) A dikmi le zalen ngai in tuahmi thimnak (fair and free
election), (2) rammi dihlak nuhrin covo ngah khawhnak (protection of human
rights of all citizens), (3) rammi dihlak nih politics le mipi ca ah teimak in
i tel khawhnak (Active participation of all citizens in politics and civic
life, (4) phunglam a si mi phunglam hmaiah thleidannak um lo in uknak (rule of
law which equally applies to all citizens) ti in, uknak cu a tah.
Democracy uknak cu mipi nih uknak a si.
Cu ca ah mipi duh lo ning in ram an hruai ah cun, mipi nih an duh mi hruaitu
dang an thim khawh `han. Hruaitu hi mipi ca ah rian`uantu a si lai. Mipi le ram
ca ah a `uan lo ahcun, mipi nih an `hawl in an thleng khawh. Cucaah, nawlngeitu
sangbik cu mipi rammi a si. Asinain, mipi nih a taktak ah an duhmi an chim le
an tuah khawh lo ahcun Democracy ti i kawh awktlak a s lo. Cucaah, a tawi
fiannak in chim ahcun, mipi zalennak (freedom), kan i khahhak (equality), ding
tein lairelnak (Justice or rule of law) pawl hna hi Democracy tahfung bantuk in
an zohmi cu an si.
Mipi zalennak (freedom): Hi
zalennak ah nuhring covo, biaknak lei zumhnak, chimrelnak, ca lei (media)
tbk... aa tel dih. Cun, mipi nih zalen ngai in le ding tein thimnak tuah khawhnak nawl an ngei lai. Zalen le ding
tein tuahmi thimnak (free and fair election) a si lo ahcun mipi nih thimmi
hruaitu a si ti ah kawhkhawh as i lai lo. Hrawkhrawl i tuahmi thimnak cu
Democracy uknak a si fawn lo. Cu caah, thimnak lei ah zalennak a um lo mi cu
Democracy ti awk aa tlak lo. Mipi nih chim relnak, ca lei tuahnak, zumhnak
tbk.. zalennak pawl cuanh hnuah Democracy uknak a si maw si lo ti khi hngalh khawh a si. Cucaah, rammi nih
political rights
timi (ramkhel covo) le civil liberties asi mi
mipi chimrelnak, media lei tuahnak, tbk.. pawl hi Democracy uknak rammi nih an
co hrimhrim dingmi zalennak cu a si.
Kan i khahnak (Equality): Hi
zong hi rammi dihlak nih co dingmi a si. Ram hruaitu le hruaimi dihlak hi
phunglam (law) hmaiah cun kan i khat dih ti a si. Fimthiam cawnnak, sipuazi
tuahnak, ngandamnak lei rian, politics lei, zumhnak lei tbk.. ah i thleidannak
um lo in aa rual tein tuah khawhnak covo an ngei dih. Miphun le biaknak cung ah
thleidanhnak ngei in thil an tuah, an thim, an hruai hna si ahcun kan i khahnak
(equality) hi a um lo tinak a si. Cucaah Democracy tiah chim a ngah rih lo.
Dingthlu Lairelnak (Justice or rule
of law): Phunglam hi rammi dihlak nih zulh ding le a hman ning tein lairel
(biachah) ding ah tuahmi a si. Rammi le mi sifak tbk.. pawl ca lawng ah tuahmi
phunglam a si ahcun Democracy hruai ning a si lo. Phunglam (law) cung ah a
hohmanh an um lai lo. Phunglam (law)
tang ah kan dih lak kan um lai i phunglam ning tein biachah le biaceih a si
lai. Uktu le nih mirum cheu khat kha phunglam (law) uknak tang ah a hman ning
tein bia an ceih lo ahcun Democracy hruai ning a si fawn lo. Democracy ram ah
cun mirum, mi sifak, mifim, cathiam lo tbk... thleidannak um lo tein an dihlak
tein phunglam tangah biaceih le biachah piak a si.
Biatlangkawmnak le a donghnak
Mipi uknak, mipi ca ah hruainak, mipi
nih a ukmi hi Democracy uknak ti in kawhmi cu a si i, mipi nih direct in zei
paoh ram kong ah ceih le tuah khawh in a hruaimi Democracy a um bantuk in, mipi
nih anmah aiawhtu an thimmi hna nih a hrauimi Democracy ti in a phun phun a um.
Asinain, mipi nih direct uknak Direct Democracy cu tu chan ah cun Switzerland
lawng nih ni hin ni tiang Direct Democracy system taktak in an hruai hna. Cu lo
a dang ram cu Indirect/representative Democracy (mipi aiawh hruainak) deuh
lawng te an si.
A phun in chim ahcun, Democracy hi a
phun tampi a um. Tu chan ah cun, mipi aiawh hruainak lawng te hi an hman deuh
cang. Mipi nih an duhmi hruaitu an thim hna le cu an thimmi hna nih ram le
miphun cu mipi aiawh in an uk hna. Mipi zalennak a si mi chimrelnak, ca lei
tuahnak, biaknak lei zumhnak, zalen ngai in le a dik tein thimnak tuahnak
tbk...pawl hi Democracy ram a si ahcun rammi dihlak nih an co i an tuah khawh
taktak dingmi a si. Phunglam hmai ah kan i khahnak i, phunglam ning tein
biaceih piak ding zong a si fawn.
Kawlram ukning zohnak: Mah ca ah, kan
kawlram uknak kan zoh ahcun Democracy taktak a si maw?, a si rih lo ti cu kan
hngalh ko lai. Abianabia ah, a tu kawlram hruaitu hna hi mipi a si mi rammi nih
an duh i an thimmi a si maw? (Is the government elected freely and fairly by
the people?). Rammi dihlak nih co ding mi zalennak pawl teh kan ngah maw? (Do
the people or all citizens have freedom and equality?). Phunglam ning te in
biaceih le biachah piak kan si maw? (is there the rule of law?). A taktak ah cun, a tu tiang mi tampi nih
Democracy taktak a si rih lo ti in an chimmi cu a hmanmi a si deuh. Ram
hruainak phunghram pi zong zoh tikah rammi nih hnatlaknak he tuahmi a si lo.
2011 kum lio i thimnak zong rammi nih an duh mi thimnak nawl zalennak a um lo
ti cu ho paoh hngalh cio a si. Media lei, chimrelnak, biaknak lei zong zalennak
a um lo ning cu nan hngalh dih ciomi a si.
Kawlram (Myanmar) Democracy uknak a
phanh khawhnak ding ca ah tampi karhlan kan hau rih ko. A tu kum thimnak ca ah
a cozah nih me (vote) a pekkhomi cazin (list of voters) zong hrawkhrawl in an
tuah ti in NLD party le a dang party pawl nih an chim ve. Cu lawng hlah, tu kum
thimnak zong hi mipi a si mi rammi nih an duhmi taktak an thimkhawh lo ahcun
hrawkhrawl thimnak lawng te a si te ko lai.
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